tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-65108674453406564682024-03-13T16:08:44.601-07:00Toddlers Transformation Toddler’s Transformation is an expert agency dedicated to improve child health, mental faculties & emotional adequacy in early stage childhood when critical brain & physical development happens. This unique ‘Compassionate-Collaborative’ education initiative leverages many time tested, people trusted and scientifically proven interventions that empower care givers ,with right tools, techniques & knowledge to transform toddlers early in lifeToddlers Transformationhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16655972837748655206noreply@blogger.comBlogger19125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6510867445340656468.post-63785924301474254382015-10-25T19:45:00.009-07:002020-12-03T04:42:29.765-08:00Collaborative Teaching Learning Practices in Education<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">“It is the long history of human kind (and animal
kind) those who learn to collaborate and improvise most effectively have
prevailed”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;"> Charles
Darwin <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">Introduction<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">1. A major part of a child’s formative and transformative years
are spent with his teachers. Teachers
not only mould the ability of a child to learn but have a major impact on his behavioural
and inquiry based abilities. It is
rightly said, “What a teacher writes on the blackboard of life, can never be
erased.”Teaching is a calling, a commitment, much more than any
profession. A teacher’s job, today, is
to take a bunch of live wires and see that they are well grounded. Therefore, any person who dares to teach must
never cease to learn.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">Problem Statement
<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">2. The paper will attempt to analyse ways and means of the
following:-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(a) How can we make teaching and learning practice more
contemporary, meaningful and interesting by collaborative method so as to
relate to the enthusiasm and energy level of young minds?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(b) Examine options available to develop a collaborative
curriculum which will develop the capability of teachers in the nation?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">Objective</span></u></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 18.6667px; letter-spacing: -0.266667px;">3. <span> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The objectives of paper:-</span></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-family: times; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(a) To examine the present collaborative practices in Indian education system and critically analyze its pitfalls. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-family: times; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-family: times; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(b) Creating meaningful metamorphosis in education by collaborative teaching
learning practices.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-family: times; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(c) Suggest a systematic framework for collaborative in-school and in-service
teaching learning integrated training
programme to best meet the present
and future needs, by developing the needed competencies in education.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: times;">(d) Develop a National Level Strategy to enhance the capabilities of teachers for
collaborative teaching learning based on the need to understand and respond
appropriately to educational needs in
difficult conditions.</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">Present Collaborative Teaching
Learning Methodology<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4. <b><u>Present System</u></b>. The present day teaching learning system in
India has come a long way and a large number of policy initiatives like Right
to Education Act have provided impetus to elementary education and planted
seeds of education in rural and less privileged sub urban areas. However, certain pressing challenges at hand
that hamper the proliferation of quality education need to be addressed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5. <b><u>Pitfalls of Present Teaching Learning
Methodology</u></b>. The present system
is more lecture based with minimum importance been paid to open ended
discussion, building of hypothetical situations and interventions. As a result, we have teachers who go through
their curriculum in a boring and routine manner and students pursuing rote
learning as compared to deep understanding of the subject.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Meaningful
Metamorphosis by Collaborative Teaching Learning Practices</span></u></b><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">6. <b><u>Definition of Collaborative Teaching
Learning Practices</u></b>.
Collaborative Teaching Learning Practice is a style of direct
interaction between at least two co-equal parties voluntarily engaged in shared
decision making as they work towards a common goal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7. <b><u>Need for Collaborative Teaching Learning
Practices.</u></b> Often teachers are
left to their devices, struggling to solve their instructional and/ or
classroom management dilemmas. For
teachers, collegiality is the intellectual effort, they put forth to better
themselves as a group to benefit their students.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">8. <b><u>Defining Characteristics.<o:p></o:p></u></b></span></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(a) <b><u>Voluntary</u></b>. It is voluntary by personal choice and not
administratively mandated. It is an in-formal
partnership with colleagues.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(b) <b><u>Parity</u></b>. Teacher’s collaborating must believe that
all individual’s contribution is valued equally.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(c) <b><u>Goal</u></b>. Although teachers may divide their labour
when engaged in collaborative activities they must share responsibility
accountability and resources leading to a clearly defined and common Goal.<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">9. <b><u>Implication of Collaborative Teaching Learning
Practices :Teachers.</u></b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: left;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(a) <b><u>Share Ideas, Feelings and Views</u></b><i>. </i>Solicits the teachers’ ideas and feelings involves them in the teaching learning
process by inviting them to share their experiences, discuss their ideas, and
engage in problem-solving. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(b) <b><u>Set Goals and Agenda</u></b><i>.</i> Teacher’s goals and the training agenda which they pursue to
achieve. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(c) <b><u>Evaluate and Feedbacks</u></b>. Teachers evaluate each session and incorporate their
feedback into subsequent sessions. </span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;"><br /></span></div>
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</o:lock></v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">10. <b><u>Implication of Collaborative Teaching Learning practices
: Students</u>.</b> Collaborative
teaching learning practices would have the following implication on students :-
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(a) <b><u>Breaking Free</u>.</b>
We need to break free from ‘Stereotype’ and follow a more flexible system of
teaching learning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(b) <b><u>Interaction to Match the Enthusiasm and Energy Level.</u></b> Encourage
sharp interventions and look forward to enhancement of inquisitiveness and
responsiveness. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(c) <b><u>Contemporary in Skill and Experience</u>.</b> Teaching learning must be contemporary.
It should be a live experience, enhancing skills, which they need for
their profession.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(d) <b><u>Interesting.</u></b>
Teaching learning must be such that it is able to draw not only their attention
but also of the student and make the topic interesting.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(e) <b><u>Collaborative Teaching Practices</u></b>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(i) Study of case studies and formulation of best practices so as to initiate the
teachers to achieve professional enhancement.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(ii) Brainstorming to achieve realistic, practical and hands on
solution to equip teachers with necessary crisis management skills.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(iii) Sharing and gaining by equipping teachers in skill to plan and
synchronise teaching methodologies and child behavior.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(f) <b><u>Social Competence</u></b><i>.</i> Promoting social
competence by praise and attention, managing misbehavior by using redirection,
moving beyond discipline and self discipline to social and emotional
regulations. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(g) <b><u>Collaborative Parents Involvement</u></b>. A
teacher must always endeavour to involve the parents in the growth and learning
of a child. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(h) <b><u>Teacher Training Groups as Support Systems</u>.</b> Peer learning among teacher can best be achieved by the following:-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(i) Nominating Programme Leaders. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(ii) <b><u>Mentors</u>.</b><i> </i> To overall supervise, teacher
training, in a larger group, nominate mentors.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(iii) Formulate class room technique by daily routine observation,
mentor assigning and class management.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(iv) Exposure to class function, school functions, interactive
sessions, seminars and exhibitions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(v) Improve emotional intelligence and tolerance level of
teachers to handle slow learners.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Collaborative
Training Programme</span></u></b><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">11. <b><u>Collaborative Tasks</u></b>. A collaborative training programme needs to
develop the following four collaborative tasks:-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">(a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Team Meetings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">(b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Planning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">(c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Teamwork.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">(d)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Personal and Team Satisfactions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">12. <b><u>Explicit Skills Facilitating
Collaborative Tasks</u></b>. The
explicit skills that facilitate development of the above four collaborative
tasks are as given below:-<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146.45pt;" valign="top" width="195"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Collaborative
Tasks<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 337.4pt;" valign="top" width="450"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt;">Required Skills or
Traits<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146.45pt;" valign="top" width="195"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt;">Team
Meetings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 337.4pt;" valign="top" width="450"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt;">Process Skills<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Team
Meeting Protocols</span></u></b><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">.
Agendas, minutes and time management.<b><u><o:p></o:p></u></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Decision
Making Skills</span></u></b><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">.
Consensus, fairness, trust, avoiding-groupthink, adversial approaches,
coercion and continued collegiality, assigning team roles, setting team
goals, setting team rules.<b><u><o:p></o:p></u></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Individual
Skills</span></u></b><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">. Commitment to
the team, accountability, feedback, communication skills, conflict management
skills and self evaluation skills.<b><u><o:p></o:p></u></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146.45pt;" valign="top" width="195"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt;">Planning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 337.4pt;" valign="top" width="450"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Curriculum Skills<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Knowledge. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Communication. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Creative. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Negotiation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Team Management.<b><u><o:p></o:p></u></b></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146.45pt;" valign="top" width="195"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt;">Level
of Teamwork.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 337.4pt;" valign="top" width="450"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Management
Skills<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Support team.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Decision making.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Backup.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Protecting.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146.45pt;" valign="top" width="195"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt;">Personal
and Team Satisfaction.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 337.4pt;" valign="top" width="450"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Performance Skills<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Recognising and acknowledging the success
of others.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Celebration of individual and whole team
achievements.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">13. <b><u>In-School and In-Service Teaching
Learning Integrated Training Programme</u></b>. A suggested systematic framework for
collaborative in-school and in-service teaching learning
integrated training programme contain the following six programmes:- <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">(a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Programme
One</span></u></b><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">.
Importance of teacher attention, encouragement and praise.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">(b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Programme
Two</span></u></b><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">.
Motivating children through incentives.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">(c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Programme
Three</span></u></b><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">.
Preventing behaviour problems – the proactive teacher.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">(d)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Programme
Four</span></u></b><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">.
Decreasing student’s inappropriate behaviour.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">(e)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Programme
Five</span></u></b><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">.
Building positive relationships with students.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; text-indent: 0in;">(f)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="text-indent: 0in;"><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Programme
Six</span></u></b><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0in;">. How
to teach social skills, problem solving and anger management in the classroom.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">14. <b><u>Content and Objectives Of the In-School
and In-Service Teaching Learning Integrated Training Programme</u></b>. The
contents and objectives of the In-School and In-service Teaching Learning
Integrated Training Programme are as follows:-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"></div><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody><tr><td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146.45pt;" valign="top" width="195"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Content</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 337.4pt;" valign="top" width="450"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Objectives</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146.45pt;" valign="top" width="195"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Program One</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> : The Importance of Teacher Attention, Encouragement, and Praise.<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 337.4pt;" valign="top" width="450"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·</span><span mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: ""; font-size: 7pt;" times=""> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Using praise and encouragement more effectively.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·</span><span mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: ""; font-size: 7pt;" times=""> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Building children’s self-esteem and self-confidence by teaching children how to praise themselves.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·</span><span mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: ""; font-size: 7pt;" times=""> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Understanding the importance of general praise to the whole group as well as individual praise.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·</span><span mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: ""; font-size: 7pt;" times=""> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Knowing the importance of praising social and academic behaviours.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·</span><span mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: ""; font-size: 7pt;" times=""> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Recognizing common traps.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·</span><span mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: ""; font-size: 7pt;" times=""> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Using physical warmth as a reinforce.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·</span><span mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: ""; font-size: 7pt;" times=""> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Providing nonverbal cues of appreciation.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·</span><span mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: ""; font-size: 7pt;" times=""> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Doubling the impact of praise by involving other school personnel and parents.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·</span><span mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-fareast-font-family:="" new="" roman="" serif="" style="font-family: ""; font-size: 7pt;" times=""> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Helping children learn how to praise other and enjoy others’ achievements.<o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146.45pt;" valign="top" width="195"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt;">Program Two</span></u></b><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt;"> : Motivating Children Through Incentives.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div></td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 337.4pt;" valign="top" width="450"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; text-indent: 0in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0in;">Understanding why incentives are valuable teaching strategies for children with behaviour problems.</span></p><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Understanding ways to use an incentive program for social problems such as noncompliance, inattentiveness, uncooperativeness and hyperactivity as well as for academic problems.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Setting up individual incentive programs for particular children.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Using group or classroom incentives.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Designing programs that have variety and build on the positive relationship between the teacher, child and parent.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Using incentives in a way that fosters the child’s internal motivation and focuses on the process of learning rather than the end product.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Providing unexpected rewards.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Appreciating the importance of involving parents in incentive programs.</span></div></td></tr><tr><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146.45pt;" valign="top" width="195"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt;">Program Three</span></u></b><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt;"> : Preventing Behavior Problems – The Proactive Teacher.</span></p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 337.4pt;" valign="top" width="450"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -1.7pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -1.7pt;">Preparing children for transitions.</span></p><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Establishing clear, predictable classroom rules.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Using guidelines for giving effective commands or instructions.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Identifying unclear, vague, and negative commands.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Understanding the value of warnings and helpful remainders, especially for distractible and impulsive children.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Engaging children’s attention.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Using nonverbal signals not cues for communication.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Recognizing the need for ongoing monitoring and positive attention.</span></div></td></tr><tr><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146.45pt;" valign="top" width="195"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt;">Program Four</span></u></b><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt;"> : Decreasing Students’ Inappropriate Behavior.</span></p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 337.4pt;" valign="top" width="450"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; text-indent: 0in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0in;">Knowing how to redirect and engage children.</span></p><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Knowing how and when to ignore inappropriate response from children.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Using verbal and nonverbal cues to reengage off-task children.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Understanding the importance of reminders and warnings.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Using guidelines for setting up Time Out in the classroom.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Avoiding common mistakes in using Time Out.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Handling common misbehaviours such as impulsivity, disengagement, noncompliance, tantrums, and disruptive behaviours.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Using the colour cards system.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Recognizing when to use logical consequences or removal of privileges as discipline. </span></div></td></tr><tr><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146.45pt;" valign="top" width="195"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt;">Program Five</span></u></b><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt;"> : Building Positive Relationships With Students.</span></p></td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 337.4pt;" valign="top" width="450"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -1.7pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -1.7pt;">Building positive relationships with difficult students.</span></p><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;"> Showing students you trust and believe in them.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Fostering students’ sense of responsibility for the classroom and their involvement in other students’ learning as well as their own.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Giving students choices when possible.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Teaching students how to ask for what they want in appropriate ways.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Fostering listening and speaking skills between students.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Teaching students how to problem solve through role-plays and examples.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Promoting positive self-talk.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Implementing strategies to counter students’ negative attributions.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Promoting positive relationships with students’ parents.</span></div></td></tr><tr><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-image: initial; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 146.45pt;" valign="top" width="195"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt;">Program Six</span></u></b><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt;"> : How to Teach Social Skills, Problem Solving and Anger Management in the Classroom.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div></td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 337.4pt;" valign="top" width="450"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.7pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; text-indent: 0in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0in;">Helping increase children’s awareness of different feelings and perspectives in social situations.</span></p><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Building children’s emotional vocabulary.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Understanding how to help children identify a problem and to generate possible solutions.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Helping children learn to think ahead to different consequences and to different solutions and how to evaluate the most effective solutions.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Helping children recognize their anger and learn ways to manage it successfully.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Using puppets to present hypothetical problem situations such as being teased, bullied or isolated by other children.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Providing small-group activities to practice friendship, group entry, play and problem-solving skills.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Helping children learn how to use friendly talk such as giving compliments, providing suggestions, offering apologies, asking for help and sharing ideas and feelings.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Helping children learn classroom behaviour such as listening, quiet hand up, cooperating and following teacher’s directions.</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%px;"><tbody><tr><td><br />
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<b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">INTEGRATED TRAINING
PROGRAMME</span></u></b><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span></div>
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</tbody></table>
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<b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">State
Level Strategy to Develop Capability of Teachers by Collaborative curriculum</span></u></b><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">15. The
state level strategy to develop capability of teachers is as follows :-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(a) <b><u>Set
Up Stage (State Level)</u>.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(i) School self assessment and goal
setting.<br />
(ii) Teachers’ team formation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(iii) Structured support for teacher team
facilitators.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(b) <b><u>Kick
Starting Stage (School Level)</u>.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(i) Examine Students work.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(ii) Examine Teacher work.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(iii) Define Instructional Strategy and set
goals.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(iv) Implement Instructional Strategy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(v) Monitor students progress.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(vi) Revise and repeat Inquiry Cycle.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(c) <b><u>Networking
Stage (District Level).</u></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(i) Action to build teacher and school
capacity at state level.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(ii) Reflect on Teacher Team’s results and
examine for changes (with teachers assuming leadership role).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(iii) Analyse school capacity and plan for
state wise upgrade.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(d) <b><u>Sharing
Stage (State Level)</u>. </b>In
order to ensure maximum proliferation of quality education in the State make
optimum use of the existing information technology expertise and infrastructure
to have a multiplier effect. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">National
Level Strategy to Develop Capability of Teachers <o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">16. <b><u>General</u></b>. Indian’s Educational System is a stumbling
block towards its objective of being a developed country and achieving
inclusive growth. <i>The Indian Education System is poor in quality, weak infrastructure and
inadequate pedagogic attention</i> leading to wide income inequalities and affecting
the quality of human capital. A national
level collaborative capability building strategy for teachers needs to be
formulated and a plan defined to achieve country wide higher capability level
of teachers.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">17. <b><u>Scope of Strategy</u>.</b> The collaborative national capability building strategy for teachers
training must include the following:-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(a) <b><u>Length of Spectrum</u>.</b> Must cover the complete spectrum of
teachers at K-12 courses.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(b) <b><u>Complete Country: Remote Corners</u><i>.</i></b> Reach the length and breadth of the complete
country adequately with a mix of peer collaborative interactions, class room
learning and distance teaching by general use of intimate informal interaction
and information technology.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(c) <b><u>Access and resources for continuous learning</u></b>. Extrapolate teachers to integrate
technology into their staff development especially in rural areas. Provide every teacher access to broadband
to learn, update and finally issues instructions to the students.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(d) <b><u>Propotional Release of Funds to Bridge Educational Gap</u></b>. Explore creating ways to fund educational
opportunities so as to narrow the gap between rich and poor schools by budget
restructuring, leasing and multi-year technology innovation funds.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(e) <b><u>Low Cost Aids</u></b>.
Consider the use of Radio and Television to communicate new teaching
methods and updating of content to teachers in remote areas. Use of printed materials for initial training
finally graduating to digital contents.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(f) <b><u>Digital Content</u>.
</b> Move finally towards more of digital content by integrating data
system, low level technology innovation, real time update, assessment and
feedbacks.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(g) <b><u>Monitoring</u>. </b> Regular monitoring, supervision and follow up
are critical. Mid course correction may
be the order of the day to ensure the successful implementation of the
strategy.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">Challenges for Collaborative Teaching Learning
Curriculum<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;"><b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">18. <b><u>National / State Level</u></b>. The main challenges at National / State level
are as follows :-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(a) Mindset of policy makers / stakeholders.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(b) Funding.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(c) Difficulty to work with diverse sets of organization.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(d) Lack of clear shared vision, direction and focus.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(e) Shortage of teacher training institutes. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(f) Resources to redesign curriculum. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">19. <b><u>School Level</u></b>.
The main challenges at school level are :-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;"> (a) Lack of
sense of ownership.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;"> (b) Attitudinal
reorientation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(c) Leaderlessness -<b> </b>When
everyone is encouraged to lead the end result is that no one does.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(d) Sameness - Too many
collaborate teams adopt rigid standards and impose upon themselves, foreclosing
deviation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(e) Group Think.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(f) Increased and competition among groups.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(g) Time constraint. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(h) Limited resources.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(j) Staff turnover in key positions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">20. <b><u>Desirable End State for Collaborative Teaching Learning
Curriculum : Teachers.<o:p></o:p></u></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align: left;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(a) ‘Empower’ teachers so that they feel confident about their teaching skills and their ability to respond
to new situations that may arise. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align: left;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(b) It also reminds them that they have powerful supports in the other teachers in the school and
encourages them to make continued use of these links between and even beyond
training sessions. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: left;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(c) Collaborate in problem-solving, to express their appreciation
for each other, and cheer each other's successes in tackling difficult
problems. They also learned to share
their feelings of guilt, anger, and depression, as well as experiences that
involve their own mistakes or misbehavior from their students. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: left;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(d) Creates a climate of trust, making the group a safe place for
teachers to bring their problems. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: left;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(e) Encourages debate and
alternative viewpoints, treating all viewpoints with respect. <v:shape id="Object_x0020_16" o:gfxdata="UEsDBBQABgAIAAAAIQCTXr2S+wAAAOEBAAATAAAAW0NvbnRlbnRfVHlwZXNdLnhtbJSRQU7DMBBF
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Mt466mv5vn0q7qXgBGRh9IS1PCDLdXN9VW0PAVlkmriWQ0rhQWs2A07Aygek/NP5OEHKz9jrAGYH
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" o:spid="_x0000_i1029" style="height: 378pt; visibility: visible; width: 468.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata cropbottom="-35f" o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.png">
<o:lock aspectratio="f" v:ext="edit">
</o:lock></v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">21. <b><u>Desirable
End State for Collaborative Teaching Learning Curriculum : Students</u>.<u><o:p></o:p></u></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-family: times; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(a) Accelerate Quality of Education. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-family: times; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(b) Students in classrooms where teachers participated in the
program are less aggressive, less noncompliant, more pro-social and more
engaged in classroom activities.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.266667px;"><span style="font-family: times;">(c) More positive discipline strategies in student behaviour.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"><span style="font-family: times;">(d) Enhance the social and academic development of all children to
prevent behaviour problems.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"><span style="font-family: times;">(e) Attention to other’s point of view.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-family: times; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(f) Presuming positive pre-suppositions through trust.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-family: times; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(g) Balance between advocacy and inquiry.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-family: times; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(h) Enhance nature of probing and putting forward ideas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-family: times; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">(j) Better used time.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">Conclusion <o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan no-line-numbers; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">22. Teaching and learning are living, breathing and doing subject
where there are no ready resource available in the forms of text or reference
books that fits easily in this mould. But as always, teachers have to rise
stoutly to the occasion and come up with remarkable ideas to turn our young
minds into contributing citizens.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;"> “Alone we can do so little; together we can do so much”</span><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;"> Helen Keller<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-text-raise: 6.0pt; position: relative; top: -6pt;">Rupa Chauhan</span></u></b><b><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
</div>
Toddlers Transformationhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16655972837748655206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6510867445340656468.post-49919752440036702222015-10-24T00:27:00.000-07:002015-10-24T00:27:07.893-07:00Activities for Toddler’s Class Room<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Start an Activity Using Something from the Classroom</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">For
example, check out the calendar. Is there a birthday coming up? Have students
make birthday cards for that student. Have students draw a picture to show
their favourite thing to do in the present season (ex. make a pet, fruit). Have
them sit together on the carpet and think up sentences using words from their
word wall.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Read the Classroom</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">With
students sitting and watching from the carpet, walk around the room and point
to words that are on the walls. Have the students read the words, or attempt to
read them. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">What's Behind Your Back?</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Collect
a few small objects. Have students sit on the carpet and call up one volunteer
at a time. The volunteer will get one of the small objects to put behind
his/her back. The other students have to try to guess what is behind their back
by asking yes or no questions (ex. is it white? is it soft? is it round). Whoever
figures out what the object is gets the next turn to hold an object behind
their back.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Actions in a Circle</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Students
sit in a circle. One person is "the leader" - usually the teacher to
start with. The leader starts by repeating an action (ex. clapping, tapping
their legs, snapping) and everyone in the circle copies them. The leader can
change the action anytime, and the class follows suit. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Make a Mural</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">If
there is free chalk board space, you can have the class make a mural! Or, if
there is no chalk board space, you can tape together some white paper or large
construction paper of a neutral colour. Have students come up one or two at a
time to contribute to the class mural. Give it a theme, such as at the circus
or Zoo. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Rupa Chauhan<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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Toddlers Transformationhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16655972837748655206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6510867445340656468.post-72853006133232739922015-10-23T23:50:00.003-07:002020-12-02T21:00:40.161-08:00Parents Active Involvement in Child's Education Development<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b style="color: #333333; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 16px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Child's Educational Development <br /></span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">In most instances, children come to school ready to learn but with different cultural, educational, and environmental experiences to draw from. It is the responsibility of the educational system to meet children where they are and encourage and support their development from that point. To promote learning for all children, educators must provide a school environment that acknowledges children's diverse backgrounds, helps children transition comfortably into to the next instructional level, and provides community supports when necessary. Such provisions support each child's readiness to learn as well as each school's readiness to educate young children. At the same time support from parents plays a vital role too. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="color: #333333; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Parent's Involvement: How Much and Why? <br /></span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left;"> </span><br style="text-align: left;" /><div><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Although parents conscientiously send their children off to school every day and expect them to do well, they can add an important extra ingredient that will boost their children's success. Parent participation is the ingredient that makes the difference. Parents' active involvement with their child's education at home and in school brings great rewards and has can have a significant impact on their children's child's lives. According to research studies, the children of involved parents: </span></div><div><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">Are absent less
frequently.</span></div><div><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">Behave better.</span></div><div><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">Do better academically
from pre-school through high school.</span></div><div><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">Go farther in school.</span></div><div><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">Go to better schools.</span></div></div>
<b style="color: #333333; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 16px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b style="color: #333333; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 16px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></b></div>How do Parent's Actively Involve With the Children's Education; At Home and School <br /></span></b>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Research also shows that a home environment that encourages
learning is even more important than parents' income, education level, or
cultural background. By actively participating in their child's education at
home and in school, parents send some critical messages to their child; they're
demonstrating their interest in his/her activities and reinforcing the idea that
school is important. </span></div>
</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Some specific ways for parents to become more involved in their child's education are stated below:</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> At Home</span></b></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span></span></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;">Read to your child —
reading aloud is the most important activity that parents can do to increase
their child's chance of reading success</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;">Discuss the books and
stories you read to your child</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;">Help your child
organize his/her time</span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;">Limit television
viewing on school nights</span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;">Talk to your child
regularly about what's going on in school</span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;">Check homework every
night </span></div></blockquote><p> <b style="color: #333333; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 16px;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">At School</span></b></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;">Meet with a teacher or other school staff member to determine where, when and how help is needed and where tour interests fit in. volunteer time-parents can: </span></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Re</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ad with individual children </span></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;">Assist coaches at sporting events</span></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;">Help out with arts and crafts workshops</span></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;">Speak to classes about your career or special expertise</span></div></blockquote><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Conclusion<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Parent’s active involvement in their Child’s education
development would lead to an all round development of the Child.</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><strong><u><br /></u></strong></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><strong><u>Rupa Chauhan</u></strong><br />
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</div>
Toddlers Transformationhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16655972837748655206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6510867445340656468.post-12752322056007901722015-10-23T23:12:00.001-07:002020-12-02T21:05:22.356-08:00Creativity and Teaching<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Advantage
of Creative Teaching</span></b><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Creative teaching methods help enthusiasm to come to the
fore, helping students to achieve the best grades that they can and enjoy the
learning process and retain the information for years to come. Right balance
between academia and fun is the best way to get facts across to students and to
help them in their own quest to find answers. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">How
to Increase Creativity While Teaching<span style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Thinking and behaving imaginatively</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 113.4pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 113.4pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">Imaginative activities take place in a purposeful
way, i.e. related to a specific objective</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 113.4pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 113.4pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">The activity generates something original</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 113.4pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 113.4pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">There is value in the activity that is related to
the original objective.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 113.4pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 113.4pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">A creative teacher who encourages pupils to be
creative should be able to demonstrate that they:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 113.4pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span></div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 113.4pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">Encourage open-ended questioning and
promote and reward imagination and originality</span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 113.4pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 113.4pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">Increase their use of role-play,
hands-on experimentation, problem solving and collaborative group work</span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 113.4pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 113.4pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">Create conditions for adventurous
exploration of ideas as well as those for quiet reflection and concentration</span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 113.4pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 113.4pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">Use unexpected events where they are
appropriate and, where appropriate, put aside what had been planned to go with
some new idea without losing sight of the original broad objectives</span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 113.4pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 113.4pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">Are willing to stand back and let
pupils take the lead.</span></div></div></blockquote><p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Planning to Make Teaching More Creative </span></b> </p><p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Creativity doesn’t just arrive and settle in classrooms
and become instantly successful. Teachers have to plan for it to happen.
Teachers will have to modify their approach and promote a range of teaching and
learning styles that will allow many more pupils to demonstrate their
creativity.</span></p><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<strong><u>Rupa Chauhan</u></strong></div>
Toddlers Transformationhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16655972837748655206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6510867445340656468.post-58274394832594076322015-10-23T22:53:00.005-07:002020-12-02T21:19:45.448-08:00Comparing Children’s : Negative Impacts <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">There are so many reasons not to compare your child to
others. Whether it's to a sibling or the child of a friend, subjecting your
child to comparisons damages their self-esteem and makes them feel inadequate.
Yet many parents feel it somehow reflects on their child or themselves if their
child isn't as 'good' as others. Here are some important reasons not to compare
your child to others … </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Self-Esteem </b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">One of the biggest reason not to compare your child to others is that it hits their self-esteem hard. How would you like to be constantly compared to others? Low self-esteem issues usually have their root in childhood, so don't make your child feel that they're inferior to others. You don't want them getting conceited, but nor do you want them feeling worthless. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Every Child has Own Interests and Abilities</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">Each child is an individual, and has their own talents and interests. Why does it matter if one child is musically inclined and another isn't? The non-musical child may be good at sports or loves reading. One thing is not better than another, and neither is one child better than another. Let them develop their own interests and abilities. They should not feel that they have to be more like a sibling or your friend's child.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">Resentment Leading to Bitterness</span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">Direct comparisons can make a child feel very resentful. When it's made clear to them that they're not as good as a sibling at something, they not only feel bitter towards you, but also towards the sibling. Do you really want to foster antagonism between your children? No you do not. So avoid comparisons; even if you think they won't find out, someone may tell them.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Comparison: Sticks around and Stings Later </b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">You may be surprised at how long the memories of comparisons can stay with a
child. Long after you've forgotten saying 'why can't you be more like your
brother?' your child will remember being made to feel that they weren't good
enough for you. The message soon sinks in, even if you didn't mean for them to
feel that way; it hangs around for a long time.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Self-Fulfilling
Prophecy</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">It also risks creating a self-fulfilling prophecy. Over time your child will
absorb the message that they're not good enough, and start to believe it. Why
bother trying if they're not going to succeed? And so that's precisely what
happens. The child is effectively set up to fail.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Do Things at Their Own Pace: Not a Race</span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Childhood isn't a race to the top; children develop at their own pace. Yet
parents often worry because their child isn't walking at the same age that
their friend's child did, or has a much smaller vocabulary. There isn't a set
timetable for a child's developments though, so don’t worry about when your
child reaches a milestone. They'll do things in their own good time.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Superiority Complex: Big Headed</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Conversely, it's also wise not to compare your child too positively to others.
Do you want your child to grow up thinking that they are superior? Praise is
good, but to some extent. Constantly telling your children that they are so
much better than others; you're not doing them any favours; you raise them to
be big-headed.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Conclusion</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Comparing your child to others is likely to give them a negative image of
themselves.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Parenthood isn't a competition, and you don't have to show other parents how
much better your child is, or worry that other children are doing better than
your own. Gently encourage them to believe in themselves, and help them
discover their own abilities.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Have you ever been compared to a sibling, and how did it make you feel?</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></u></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Rupa Chauhan</span></u></b></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
</div>
Toddlers Transformationhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16655972837748655206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6510867445340656468.post-20833526534764605002015-10-23T05:19:00.004-07:002020-12-02T21:46:43.944-08:00Emotional Securities and Sensitivities of Toddlers<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></u></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Physical Growth</span></u></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">In order to grow
physically, toddlers must have food, fresh air light and exercise. This food,
fresh air, light and exercise provide toddlers with nourishment and activity
required to satisfy the needs of physical growth and development. Along with
this physical development, toddler must also develop emotionally. As toddlers
reach the age of seven, they will also reach certain levels of emotional
maturity. It is hoped that the emotional Maturity attained will be at a
desirable level so that they are able to function normally within their own
sphere of relationships, whether it is with their peers, their immediate family
or other adults.</span></p><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Emotional Growth</span></u></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">The nutrients or
ingredients necessary for emotional growth are not the same as they are for
physical growth. However, they are very bit as important as food and drink are
to physical growth and development. These nutrients satisfy the needs for
emotional security just as food and drink satisfy a physical hunger pain. If
toddler are to attain a level of emotional maturity, they must first have
certain securities.</span></p><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Emotional Securities:
Love and Acceptance</span></u></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Toddlers need to know
that they are loved. In addition to being loved, there are other ways that
toddlers are able to satisfy the need for emotional security. Toddlers have to
feel that they are accepted, whether it is acceptance as part of a family, a
pre-school group or any activity club. Toddlers must be made to feel that they
are liked and accepted for what they are. This kind of acceptance fosters an
independence and confidence, which the toddler needs in order to grow
emotionally.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Emotional Sensitivities:
Activities and Participation</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">When working with
toddlers it is important to remember that at this particular age they are
sensitive to the subtle pressures of acceptance and rejection. In choosing
activities in which they will take part, toddlers make their choices for a
variety of reasons. Some will choose an activity where they can be with someone </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">they like, others will
choose an activity that they enjoy, but, for the most part, toddlers will
choose the game or activity in which they have the greatest success. Toddlers
like to do the things that they can do best. Love, acceptance and success are
strong emotional needs. They are necessary for establishing emotional security
in the child and, in turn, emotional security, if necessary, in the attainment
of emotional maturity.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> <b><u>Rupa Chauhan</u></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span></p></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
</div>
Toddlers Transformationhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16655972837748655206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6510867445340656468.post-40074054094461798182015-10-23T04:42:00.001-07:002015-10-23T04:42:45.093-07:00Settling Down a Toddlers:First Few days <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Teaching a toddler is a very different ball game from
teaching Junior or Senior children because of the amount of energy toddlers
have! Knowing how to channel this energy, or when to ‘stir' and when to
‘settle' toddler <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>will help a teacher to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u>achieve balanced lessons</u></b> without
children becoming over-excited on the one hand or bored on the other. </div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
A teacher must understand all the factors to be
taken into consideration when planning for balanced activities in order to
achieve all round development of the toddlers. Following issues need emphasis: </div>
<br />
<div style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Settling
down activities should be designed to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u>calm
students down</u></b> and settle them into a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u>routine</u></b>.
</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Basic
<strong><u>classroom management</u></strong> and routines are essential to establish as a pre-requisite
for learning. </div>
<br />
<div style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Making
sure toddlers <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u>know what the routine</u></b>
is when they arrive in class e.g. identifying their lockers/desks, keeping the bag and
the water bottles in their respective places. Activities such as - Introduction
session, story-telling, free hand drawing and colouring help a child to settle
well in the class.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Teachers
need to be aware that toddlers have a much <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">shorter
<u>concentration span</u></b> than adults and this will affect the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u>number of different activities</u></b> we need
to plan for a single day. </div>
<br />
<div style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->As
educators we need to take into account the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u>learning
styles</u> of the different children</b> in the class. Different types of
activities more suited to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">visual/
auditory/ kinesthetic /tactile learners </b>should be planned.</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u>Rupa Chauhan<o:p></o:p></u></b></div>
</div>
Toddlers Transformationhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16655972837748655206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6510867445340656468.post-39098981157067854262015-10-23T04:27:00.006-07:002020-12-02T21:54:23.948-08:00Motivating Toddlers <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
Intrinsic Motivation: Fun and Discovery</span></u></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN" style="color: #3c3c3c; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Every
classroom consists of a wide array of</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> toddlers,</span><span lang="EN" style="color: #3c3c3c; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> each and every
student brings with him/her different student learning styles, different
interests, and different life experiences that make each classroom unique
and special. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">The time, energy,
enthusiasm and planning that you have invested in the design of your
implementation, and the provision and arrangement of resources could all be
wasted if you fail to sell the idea effectively to your students.</span><span style="color: #3c3c3c; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Hence, make sure that what ever you teach your toddlers is
relevant and appropriate to cater to their different learning styles. Make the
activities worthwhile and each learning session full of enthusiasm, fun and a
new learning to discover.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Extrinsic Motivation:
Gifts and Praise</span></u></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Toddlers who do
not yet have powerful intrinsic motivation to learn can be helped by extrinsic
motivators in the form of rewards. Rather than criticizing unwanted behavior or
answers, reward correct behavior and answers, small children can be given a
balloon, a piece of gum, or a set of crayons. Even at the college level, many
professors at various colleges have given books, lunches, certificates,
exemptions from final exams, verbal praise, and so on for good performance.
Students respond with interest and motivation to teachers who appear to be
human and caring.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> <b><u>Being Human
and Not an Aloof Authority</u></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Teachers can help
produce these feelings by sharing parts of themselves with toddlers, especially
little stories of problems and mistakes they made, recently. Such personalizing
of the toddler/teacher relationship helps toddlers see teachers as approachable
human beings and not as aloof authority figures.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><u>Rupa Chauhan</u></span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p></div>
</div>
Toddlers Transformationhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16655972837748655206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6510867445340656468.post-6589099814695774512015-10-23T04:05:00.008-07:002020-12-02T22:07:40.772-08:00Teaching : Developing Listening Skills of Toddlers<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br />
Listening is the language modality that is used most frequently. Students may
receive as much as 90% of their in-school information through listening to
instructors and to one another. However, language learners do not recognize the
level of effort that goes into developing listening ability. Far from passively
receiving and recording aural input, listeners actively involve themselves in
the interpretation of what they hear, bringing their own background knowledge
and linguistic knowledge to bear on the information contained in the aural
text.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Given the importance of listening in language
learning and teaching it is essential for language teachers to help their
students become effective listeners. In the communicative approach to language
teaching, this means modelling listening strategies and providing listening
practice in authentic situations: those that learners are likely to encounter
when they use the language outside the classroom.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Listening Strategies for Developing Skills</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Language learning depends on listening. Listening provides the
aural input that serves as the basis for language acquisition and enables
learners to interact in spoken communication.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Effective language
instructors show students how they can adjust their listening behavior to deal
with a variety of situations, types of input, and listening purposes. They help
students develop a set of listening strategies and match appropriate strategies
to each listening situation.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Listening</span></u></b><b><u><span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Strategies</span></u></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Listening strategies are
techniques or activities that contribute directly to the comprehension and
recall of listening input. Listening strategies can be classified by how the
listener processes the input.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Top-Down Strategies</span></u></b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Are listener based; the listener taps into background knowledge of
the topic, the situation or context, the type of text, and the language. This
background knowledge activates a set of expectations that help the listener to
interpret what is heard and anticipate what will come next. Top-down strategies
include</span></p>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">listening for the main idea<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">predicting<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">drawing inferences<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">summarizing<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.8pt; text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Bottom Up
Strategies</span></u></b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Are text based; the listener relies on the
language in the message, that is, the combination of sounds, words, and grammar
that creates meaning. Bottom-up strategies include</span></p><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">listening for specific details<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">recognizing cognates<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">recognizing word-order patterns<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.8pt; text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Metacognitive Strategies</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">. Listeners also use metacognitive
strategies<i> </i>to plan, monitor, and evaluate their listening.</span></p>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">They plan by deciding which listening strategies will
serve best in a particular situation.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">They monitor their comprehension and the effectiveness
of the selected strategies.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">They evaluate by determining whether they have achieved
their listening comprehension goals and whether the combination of
listening strategies selected was an effective one.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 10.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.8pt; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Listening for Meaning</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 13.8pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">To extract meaning from
a listening text, the following four basic steps need to be followed:<o:p></o:p></span></p><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Figure out the purpose for listening. Activate
background knowledge of the topic in order to predict or anticipate
content and identify appropriate listening strategies.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Attend to the parts of the listening input that are
relevant to the identified purpose and ignore the rest. This selectivity
enables students to focus on specific items in the input and reduces the
amount of information they have to hold in short-term memory in order to
recognize it.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Select top-down and bottom-up strategies that are appropriate
to the listening task and use them flexibly and interactively. Students'
comprehension improves and their confidence increases when they use
top-down and bottom-up strategies simultaneously to construct meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Check comprehension while listening and when the
listening task is over. Monitoring comprehension helps students detect
inconsistencies and comprehension failures, directing them to use
alternate strategies.</span></li></ul><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Rupa Chauhan</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></p>
</div>
Toddlers Transformationhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16655972837748655206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6510867445340656468.post-62376548350799595502015-10-23T03:33:00.003-07:002020-12-02T22:14:46.202-08:00Teaching and Effective Communication <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span face=""Verdana","sans-serif"" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></u></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Teaching and</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"> <u>Knowledge</u></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; text-align: justify;">Effective communication
is an import ant requisite to climb the ladder of success, be it at personal or
professional level. Teaching demands good communication skills, along with the
knowledge of the subject. If you are unable to teach what you know, students
tend to be less involved and lose inspiration to learn. As a teacher or
facilitator in class one should be able to communicate the subject content
clearly and precisely. He/she should be motivated to speak up his/her
viewpoints in class and raise questions. The aim of teacher talk is
to deliver information and instructions in clear, unambiguous ways. So
structuring talk in the classroom to achieve your objectives is a really
important factor in establishing good teacher student communication.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Teaching and
Communication</span></u></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">For this, it is vital
for the teachers to communicate effectively with their students. Through
effective communication teachers can also help the the students develop skills
to handle the problems or situations that life throws at them. Better
teacher-student relationship also results in improved and better parent–teacher
relationships.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"><u style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold;">Teacher
Student Communication Strategies</u></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; text-align: left;">A few strategies for successful effective teacher student
communication are:</span></p></span></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span face=""Verdana","sans-serif"" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">ü</span><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">Stating all objectives
and instructions clearly and where possible in positive ways.</span></p></span></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span face=""Verdana","sans-serif"" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">ü</span><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">Checking for
understanding about their learning.</span></p></span></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span face=""Verdana","sans-serif"" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">ü</span><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">Getting the right ‘tone'
is one of the most important steps in successful teacher student communication.</span></p></span></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span face=""Verdana","sans-serif"" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">ü</span><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">Speaking respectfully to
students.</span></p></span></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span face=""Verdana","sans-serif"" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">ü</span><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">Making yourself
accessible and approachable to them all the times.</span></p></span></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span face=""Verdana","sans-serif"" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">ü</span><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">Being positive in your
approach while dealing with them.</span></p></span></div></blockquote><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span face=""Verdana","sans-serif"" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Hence effective
communication between teacher-students makes learning an enriching experience
and helps students to achieve success in whatever they do.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Rupa Chauhan</span></u></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></u></b></p></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span face=""Verdana","sans-serif"" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">
</span></div>
Toddlers Transformationhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16655972837748655206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6510867445340656468.post-24992877929766883082015-10-23T03:29:00.001-07:002020-12-02T22:21:24.850-08:00Teaching Mathematics through Games<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Mathematics is one of those subjects that can be
taught in an exciting way using the child's natural sense of fun to drive home
concepts and facts. The teacher with imagination can make the task of learning
numbers easier and more welcoming by using games.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; text-align: justify;">Arranging the room to leave a large open space
will provide room for playing math games. This may be accomplished by moving
desks so that they form a large open rectangle instead of the more traditional
rows. This also has the advantage of making each child instantly visible to the
teacher who can more easily monitor activity and see when a student is
struggling. Using colourful objects such as lanyards can help young students
learn about numbers more easily. Many children are visual learners, so bright
colours attract and hold their attention. This will also benefit learners who
are kinaesthetically inclined. Games require a variety of problem-solving
skills, such as making and testing hypotheses, creating strategies (thinking
and planning ahead), and organizing information. Moreover, as
children play, they further their development of hand-eye coordination,
concentration levels, visual discrimination, memory, and their ability to
communicate and use mathematical language. To build a solid foundation in Math
understanding, follow up engagements in the form of worksheets may also be
done.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Games can provide an atmosphere where children are encouraged to:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Share their ideas with others – think, discuss, and explain</span></li><li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Be alert, interested, curious, and challenged</span></li><li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Come up with interesting ideas, problems, and questions</span></li><li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Have confidence in their abilities to figure out things for
themselves</span></li><li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Speak their minds with confidence</span></li><li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Work cooperatively</span></li><li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Give and take praise and criticism</span></li><li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Instruct others</span></li><li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Accept success and failure in the presence of peers and adults</span></li><li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Develop initiative, interest, curiosity, resourcefulness,
independence, and responsibility.</span></li></ul><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">One of the most useful outcomes of playing math
games with children is that they provide some immediate assessment to teacher,
parent, and child. The game format allows you to observe and
evaluate the thinking and problem-solving strategies children are using.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Games teach or reinforce many of the skills that
a formal curriculum teaches, plus a skill that formal learning sometimes,
mistakenly, leaves out – the skill of having fun with math, of thinking hard
and enjoying it.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Rupa Chauhan</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></u></b></p>
</div>
Toddlers Transformationhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16655972837748655206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6510867445340656468.post-89095467912015315812015-10-23T03:24:00.003-07:002020-12-02T22:29:26.037-08:00Guidelines for "To be Teachers"<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">1. <u>Know Your Strengths</u>.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> Be honest with yourself and know
what your strengths might be as a beginning teacher. It might be communicating
with people, knowing subject matter, having empathy with the children you are
about to teach.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">2. <u>Know Your Weaknesses</u>.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> If you haven’t identified weaknesses
before you walk in the door, you’ll soon find them. Work on strategies to
minimize the difficulties they will cause you.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">3. <u>Get to Know Your Students</u></span></b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">.</span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> Nothing means more to a child than getting to know
them individually. Find out their likes, dislikes, family, pets, friends and
hobbies. They hold their interests very dearly to them, so get interested!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">4. <u>Establishing Routines is
Important.</u></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> One thing
that I realized about working in the school, is that routines are a crucial part
of teaching. Your students will thrive if they understand that there are
routines and a direction to what is happening.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> 5. <u>Be Reflective and
Reach Out</u> .</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> When you
look back on your teaching journey of this month, you'll find that you need to
share your experiences. Capture these reflections in a journal or with an
online diary.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">6. <u>Listen and Take
Initiative</u> .</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> The first
year of teaching should be a listening year- listening to other teachers,
listening to other students and listening to parents. It’s a good idea to
respond, of course, but it’s crucial that you take in everything. Opinions are
best formed as a response to time and a wealth of material. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">7. <u>Always be Prepared</u>.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> Plan out lessons, keep them
organized. Have engaging activities prepared for students when they walk into
the classroom.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">8. <u>Parents Can be a Great
Ally</u>.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> Parents
can a great ally, especially if you get an opportunity to understand how
parents work with your students at home. Parent teacher meetings, get you an
insight into what our students are like away from your classroom, which is
vital information to help you connect with the student.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">9. <u>Have Fun</u>.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> Teaching should be fun
some days – for some, every day. Your students should give you energy and you
should embrace those moments where you know you’ve made a difference- that they
have learnt something from you. And they learn from you in terms of what you
are saying as well as from who you are.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">10. <u>Keep Rules to a Minimum but
Enforce Them</u></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">. Always have
clear consequences and never threaten to take a particular action if you are
not willing to carry it out. Talk to students as mature young adults.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">11. <u>Make Respect Central to Your
Classroom Culture</u>.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> A
common expression one hears from students and parents is “You have
to give respect to get respect.” "They’re right”. The only way to hold
students to high and rigorous expectations is to gain their respect and their
acknowledgment that your class will lead to real learning that will benefit
them.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">12. <u>Keep Calm in All Situations</u>.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> Calmness allows you to make rational
decisions. If a student is confrontational or out of control, it never ever
works to react with anger. Getting into a tug-of-war over who has the last word
exacerbates the situation. Let the situation cool down and then try to have a
mature conversation with those involved.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 107%;">Rupa Chauhan</span></u></b></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></u></b></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p></o:p></p>
<o:p></o:p>Toddlers Transformationhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16655972837748655206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6510867445340656468.post-10120510256046706282015-10-23T03:10:00.002-07:002020-12-02T22:39:55.739-08:00Understanding Dyslexia in Children:Teachers<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
<b>What is Dyslexia?</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> Dyslexia in
children is the commonest cause of learning difficulties. The word comes from
the Greek meaning 'difficulty with words'. The condition is often referred to
as a 'specific learning difficulty', usually with symptoms such as difficulty
with writing and spelling, and sometimes with reading and working with numbers.
It is caused by impairment in the brain's ability to translate images received
from the eyes or ears into understandable language.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">How do you as a Teacher
Observe Children With Dyslexia?</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> As a teacher if
you notice that a child who appears to be average or bright when they are
talking to you is struggling to read, spell or cope with math/s, this may be
the strongest indicator that they may be dyslexic. It is very common for
dyslexic children to be quite able, especially in the areas of creativity (art,
drama, drawing, etc.) and physical co-ordination (physical education, swimming,
sports, model-making, etc.). However, there are differences in the neural links
in their brain that makes it hard for them to deal with text (and often with
numbers) without extra support.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Symptoms</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> A list of possible
dyslexia symptoms would include some, but not all, of these in a dyslexic
child:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"></p><ul><li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">A
noticeable difference between the pupil's ability and their actual achievement;</span></li><li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">A
family history of learning difficulties;
</span></li><li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Difficulties
with spelling;</span></li><li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Confusion
over left and right; </span></li><li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Writing
letters or numbers backwards;</span></li><li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Difficulties
with math/s;</span></li><li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Difficulties
with organizing themselves;</span></li><li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Difficulties
following two or three step instructions.</span></li></ul><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Types of Dyslexia</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Dyslexia may affect
several different functions. <b>Visual dyslexia</b> is characterized
by number and letter reversals and the inability to write symbols in the
correct sequence. <b>Auditory dyslexia</b> involves difficulty with
sounds of letters or groups of letters. The sounds are perceived as jumbled or
not heard correctly. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> Children with
dyslexia and reading disabilities may receive extra help at school, but there
are ways parents can help at home as well.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">How Can a Teacher/Parent
Help Children with Dyslexia?</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Reading is essential to
success in school but children with dyslexia often read slowly, lacking
fluency. Reading together every day is important. As children get older,
parents can read for a portion of the time and let the child read for the
balance of reading time. Find books that are challenging and interesting, yet
do not introduce too many new words to help develop independent reading.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Class teachers need to
have an understanding of the problems that the dyslexic child may have within
the classroom situation. Equipped with this knowledge, a great deal of
misunderstanding of a child's behaviour can be prevented. In a positive and
encouraging environment, a dyslexic child experiences the feeling of success
and self-value. Teachers dealing with dyslexic children are flexible in their
approach, so that they can, find a method that suits the pupil, rather than
expecting that all pupils will learn in the same way. Above all, there must be
an understanding from all who teach them, that they may have many talents and
skills. Their abilities must not be measured purely on the basis of their
difficulties in acquiring literacy skills. Dyslexic children, like all
children, thrive on challenges and success.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Rupa Chauhan</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
</div>
Toddlers Transformationhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16655972837748655206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6510867445340656468.post-41579884283338199502015-10-23T03:05:00.001-07:002015-10-23T03:05:09.523-07:00Seating Arrangements and Learning Process<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Introduction<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Take a look at your class
and you will notice that most of the students occupy the same seat every day.
Some prefer to sit at the back, others in front and few students opt to sit
near aisles or close to windows or doors. Is there a reason for their preferences?
More importantly, does the seating arrangements affect the learning process?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Influence of Seating Arrangements on Learning</span></u></b><u><span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Studies have reported that
seating arrangements impact the learning process. Students occupying the front
rows are more attentive that those in the back. The students in front are the
ones who generally answer questions asked in class.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Classroom arrangement; from
a students’ point of view, symbolizes their personality. Often, the diligent,
focused students occupy the front rows, in order not to miss out any vital
information whereas the laid back, more casual students opt for the back
benches to avoid being noticed by the educators.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Some students prefer
sitting near doors and windows as it provides them with sufficient distractions
to escape the monotony of lessons taught. Pranks, whispering, passing of notes,
doodling, etc. is frequent among students who generally sit in the back.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Therefore,
seating arrangements may be a cause for the decline of student performance as
attention span, concentration, comprehension and the retaining of information
can be influenced by where the student chooses to sit.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Enhancing Learning through Seating Arrangements</span></u></b><u><span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">How can we adjust the
seating arrangements learning advantage? Let’s explore some possibilities of
creating optimal seating arrangements to advance learning in class.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Row Arrangement</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">This is the most common arrangement in a class. The room is divided into
three columns, the extreme ends have two seats each and the center portion has
four seats joined together. The number of rows is decided by the strength of
the class. This arrangement gives teachers ample space to walk among the
students.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">This lets educators
utilize the entire space of the classroom while teaching, helps students with
their work or enables them to make any corrections with ease. Walking between
students helps teachers serve as a reminder to students that they are expected
to continue working. Supervision and teaching can be made easier with the row
method.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Circle Arrangement</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">When</span><span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"> a teacher is conducting discussions, a
circular arrangement can be apt to facilitate the flow of ideas, thoughts and
expressions. Students have a clear view of the person expressing their
opinions; educators find it easy to control the discussion and can also
motivate passive students to pitch in.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Teachers can arrange the
seating of students in such a manner that the active members are seated next to
them and more passive students opposite to them. This can enable the teacher to
signal to more active participants while providing opportunities to the others,
and permits establishment of eye contact with students who may need encourage participating.
This circular arrangement can help foster group dynamics.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Semi Circular Arrangement</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">A semi-circular arrangement
can be effective when audio-visual aids, interactive boards, etc. are being
used. This ensures clear visibility for every student. Teachers can maintain
eye contact with all students and also check to see that they are being
attentive. This arrangement can assist in controlling the class as
students are in the open and their actions can more easily be observed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Round Table Arrangement</span></u></b><b><span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Planning to give the
students some group work? A round table arrangement is probably your best
option. It encourages students to sit in friendly groups, facilitates free
discussion and allows educators to monitor student work. However, the
disadvantage is that there is high probability of students misbehaving when the
teacher is not looking. Arrange the tables so that the teacher’s table is at
the front and the round tables are lined up or arranged in a semi-circle to
best allow the teacher visibility of all the tables.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Arranged Seating vs. Free Seating</span></u></b><u><span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Another important point to
consider is whether to assign seats in a seating arrangement or provide
students the freedom to select their own spots. Free seating can reinforce
cliques within the classroom and students may choose seats that are not
conducive to success.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">On the other hand,
allotment of seats can bring about a certain level of control within the
classroom. Pairing of students is done with the hope that they may benefit from
each other and also to encourage interaction among all.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">A rotation system when
integrated into the classroom can ensure that students are not categorized as
front or back benchers. Everyone is given an opportunity to sit in the front,
middle and back.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Seating arrangements can
play a huge role in student performance. Hence, it is the duty of teachers to
wisely select an arrangement that best suits their particular circumstances and
classes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-family: "Arial Unicode MS","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Rupa Chauhan<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
</div>
Toddlers Transformationhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16655972837748655206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6510867445340656468.post-17616613839100866592015-10-06T01:17:00.002-07:002020-12-02T22:43:41.388-08:00Free Play and Sensory Issues of Toddlers <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></u></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">General</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Toddlers learn best
through freedom to play to solve their own problems and develop their
interests. Parents and teachers are today striving to provide organized
academic experiences for toddlers in place of free play.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Free Play: Meaning and
Importance</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Free Play is the
opportunity to toddlers to play and explore on their own, away from adult
supervision and control.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Parents may think they
are protecting their toddlers, but they are depriving them of opportunities to
learn, diminishing their joy and sense of self control. In fact it is through
free play that children start to build many of life skills they need in order
to be successful in years to come. A major result of this is that children
today are more anxious and depressed than ever before.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Free Play and Sensory
Development</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Toddlers in order to
learn needs to touch it, hear it, see it, taste it, smell it and play based
learning provides a fully sensory experience. In order to have maximum sensory
input, the toddlers must be encouraged to participate in activities with
variety of sensory inputs every day.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">How Can I as a Parent
Ensure a Better Sensory Experience for my Toddler?</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">The toddlers today are
starved of sensory experience, as they spend most of time in front of TV or
computer at home. Moreover in pre-school, the academic content under adult
supervision has increased leading to a more directed, protected setting where
adults are in control and not children.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Certain ideas fully
ignite the mind and bodies of the toddlers are:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(a) The best option available
to a toddler would be if he/she is given ample opportunities to play outdoors
every day with peers.</span></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(b) Help you with food
preparation or folding of clothes.</span></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(c) Playing with toys of
different shape, size, lights and sounds.</span></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(d) Tossing, catching
and kicking of balls with both hands.</span></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(e) Experimenting with
new foods and spices.</span></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(f) Sing songs and dance
or any other fun activity.</span></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></p></div></div></blockquote><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">How will I come to know
that my Toddler has Sensory Development Issues/Delay?</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">As a parent it is always
our concern to ensure sensory development growth of our toddler is on track.
However, we must not be over concerned also, as every toddlers develops at his
own pace.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Certain signs of
developmental issues in toddlers are:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0 0 0 40px; padding: 0px;"><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(a) Toddlers not
been able to respond when their name is called.</span></p></div></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(b) Lack of
curiosity to try new things by jumping or touching’s.</span></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(c) Not able
to walk without running into furniture.</span></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(d) Not noticing if
you move into the room.</span></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(e) Not playing
with toys.</span></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(f) Repeating
what is heard on TV but not being able to ask for what want.</span></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(g) Prefers to be
alone.</span></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(h) Interested in
things that kids are not interested.</span></p></div></div></blockquote><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Conclusion</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Toddlers just need the
time, space and permission to be themselves. Let them play!<br />
<br /><br />
by <b><u>Rupa Chauhan</u></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p></div>
</div>
Toddlers Transformationhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16655972837748655206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6510867445340656468.post-51101164079227922452015-09-30T08:06:00.002-07:002020-12-02T23:14:42.421-08:00IKEA Play Report 2015: An Indian Perspective <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="margin-bottom: 6.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6.75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.95pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">1. <u>What is IKEA Play
Report?</u> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Swedish
furniture giant IKEA recently published the world’s largest research study on
play. They interviewed 30,000 parents and children in 12 countries (including
UK, the USA, China, Russia, Brazil, India, and France) to produce a
comprehensive 56-page report. This is a follow up report to the first report
which was done in 2009.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">2. <u>Meaning of
Play</u>. </span></b><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Play can have many meanings
and many definitions. Psychologist Dr Elizabeth Hurlock summed it up well
nearly sixty years ago, describing play as “Any activity engaged in for the
enjoyment it gives, without consideration of the end result. It is entered into
voluntarily and is lacking in external force or compulsion”.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">3</span></b><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">. <b><u>Play
and Emotions</u></b>. Play has an important role in children’s lives, as
a way to escape difficult emotions. Piaget (1962) wrote:“We can be sure that
all happenings, pleasant or unpleasant, in the child’s life, will have
repercussions on its dolls.”</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">4. <u>Importance
of Play</u>. </span></b><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">As per the IKEA Report globally, 9 out of ten parents agree that
play essential to both a child’s development and a child’s wellbeing and
happiness. And you’re never too old: only 6% of children think they are ‘too
old to play’, while 53% of parents would like to find their inner child and
become playmates with their children.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">5. <u>Issue
Analyzed.</u></span></b><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> The issues analyzed both globally and in India in the
report are:-</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="margin-bottom: 6.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6.75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.95pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(a) <b><u>Parents</u></b>.
Whether parents are playing less or more with their children?</span></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="margin-bottom: 6.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6.75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.95pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(b) <b><u>Children.</u> </b>Whether
Children are playing less or more and nature of this play?</span></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="margin-bottom: 6.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6.75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.95pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(c) <b><u>Family
Activities</u></b>. What are the main family activities that take place at
home?</span></p></div></div></blockquote><p> </p><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="margin-bottom: 6.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6.75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.95pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><b><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">6. <u>Parents</u></span></b><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">.
Whether parents are playing less or more with their children?</span></p></div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="margin-bottom: 6.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6.75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.95pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(a) <b><u>Time Poor
Parents</u>. </b>Parents who agree, “I feel I don’t have enough time to
play with my children”. The highest number of parents feels they don’t have
time to play with their children is in India. India: 60%; China: 57%; US: 51%;
Italy: 51%; South Korea:42%; Netherlands: 33%</span></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="margin-bottom: 6.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6.75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.95pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(b) <b><u>Stressed to
Enjoy Playing</u></b>. Parents who agree: “When I play with my children, I am
often too stressed to enjoy it”.India: 49%; China: 31%; US: 26%; South Korea:
27%; Netherlands: 16%</span></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="margin-bottom: 6.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6.75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.95pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(c) </span><b style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><u>Time Spend by Parents with Children.</u></b></p></div></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="margin-bottom: 6.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6.75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.95pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(i) <b><u>Weekdays.</u> </b>Indian
parents spend an above averag</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">e 5.3 hours, second highest after Italy and Spain, at
5.9 hours, with their children on weekdays.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="margin-bottom: 6.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6.75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.95pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(ii) <b><u>Weekends</u></b>.
On weekends however, the number dips to 8.3 hours, below the global average of
9.4 hours.</span></p></div></div></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="margin-bottom: 6.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6.75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.95pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(d) <b><u>Thrust On Education.</u> </b>The
pressure of education is high among Indian Parents (87%), second to China and
France (both at 88%).</span></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="margin-bottom: 6.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6.75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.95pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(e) <b><u>Education as
Playtime</u></b>. Parents who believe playtime should be educational.Russia:
87%; China: 85%; India: 82%: US: 55%; Sweden: 31%; Netherlands: 29%.</span></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="margin-bottom: 6.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6.75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.95pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(f) <b><u>Packed
Schedule.</u> </b>Indian parents feel that they have packed in too many
activities for children little play time at home. India: 66%; China: 27%;
France: 17%; Sweden: 12%.</span></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="margin-bottom: 6.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6.75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.95pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(g) <b><u>Anxious
Parents</u>.<a name="_GoBack"></a> </b>Indian Parents are most
Anxious about their children safety. </span><span lang="ES-US" style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-US;">India: 75%; USA: 62%; China: 53%; South Korea: 25%;
Netherlands: 24%</span></p></div></div></blockquote><p> </p><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="margin-bottom: 6.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6.75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.95pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><b><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">7. <u>Children</u>. </span></b><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Whether
Children are playing less or more and nature of this play? Has the nature of
play changed amongst children? Are the mounting concerns about the amount of
time spend on digital devices leading to lack of play opportunities?</span></p></div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="margin-bottom: 6.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6.75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.95pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(a) <b><u>TV</u> . </b>Indian
children are the biggest TV watchers. 72% of 7-12 year olds, 80% of 13-18 year
olds watch TV. This is the highest in the world for both the age groups. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">7-12 year olds who
prefer watching TV to playing with friends. India: 35%; South Korea: 25%;
Netherlands: 20%; Russia: 20%; Italy: 11%.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="margin-bottom: 6.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6.75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.95pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(b) <b><u>The Virtual Family</u>. </b>Is
the virtual world shaping family ties in the real world? It would seem so, with
Indian families leading the pack of 12 countries surveyed. It is particularly
so among younger Indian parents (between 19 and 34) at 67% and richer parents
(top one third of households by income) at 71%. Parents who agree that,
“sometime in my family everyone is using their mobile devices and not talking
to each other”. India 59%; Italy; 34%; Netherlands: 25%; Russia: 15%;
South Korea: 15%</span></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="margin-bottom: 6.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6.75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.95pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(c) <b><u>Media</u>.</b> Indian
family’s usage of social media is among the highest in the world. 27% of 13-18
year olds are using it to communicate within the family, as against the global
average of 15%.</span></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="margin-bottom: 6.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6.75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.95pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(d) <b><u>Gadgets as Toys</u></b>.
60% of Indian parents agree ‘play can include using tablets, smartphones or computers’,
among the highest in the world – the global average is 52%.</span></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="margin-bottom: 6.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6.75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.95pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(e) <b><u>Friends vs Internet and TV</u>. </b>8
out 10 children would prefer to play with their friends than watch TV (19%) or
use the internet (17%).</span></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="margin-bottom: 6.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6.75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.95pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(f) <b><u>Internet
isn’t Evil</u>. </b>Wonderful tool for learning, most of the parents
agree. However, a third of parents find it difficult to know how much time
their child should spend on the internet.</span></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="margin-bottom: 6.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6.75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.95pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(g) <b><u>Communication
With Different Context</u>. </b>The study demonstrates that children are
communicating in the way they always have, with their families, with their
friends, but they are doing so in a different context. Digital activity does
not only involve play, creativity and communication through a wide variety of
imaginative and challenging applications, but it can enhance children’s ability
to express themselves, act out difficulties emotions and feel empowered by
finding out information for themselves.</span></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="margin-bottom: 6.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6.75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.95pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(h) <b><u>Games Online
and Play</u>. </b>Children are playing a wide variety of games online,
often involving collecting, changing and adapting scenarios to suit what they
want to do, and communicating with friends and family.</span></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="margin-bottom: 6.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6.75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.95pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(i) <b><u>Digital
Activities are Shared Activities.</u></b> Play has been replaced with a
preoccupation with digital? Parents, teachers and child experts express alarm
at the amount of time children are spending online, and certainly there is
evidence to show that obsessive use of digital is unhealthy for children both
physically and mentally. But digital can also be a shared activity. The Play
Report found that 95% of UK parents report regularly using media devices as a
family, and around half (52%) of parents agree ‘play can include using Tablets,
smartphones or computers’. Importantly, 85% (Index: 71%) of UK parents think
that home should be a place for fun and play. Increasingly it seems parents and
children themselves are setting boundaries. 72% of parents and 43% of children
and young people agree: ‘I think there should be times at home when we don’t
use our mobile devices’.</span></p></div></div></blockquote><p> </p><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="margin-bottom: 6.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6.75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.95pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><b><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">8. <u>Family
Activities</u></span></b><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">. What are the main Family activities that take place at
home.</span></p></div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="margin-bottom: 6.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6.75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.95pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(a) <b><u>Activities of
Family at Home.</u> </b>The activities that keep the family busy at home ,
Watching TV, Eating together at the table as a family, Face-to-face
conversation, Games on a PC or Laptop, Board games or cards.</span></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="margin-bottom: 6.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6.75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.95pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(b) <b><u>Meal time –
Family time.</u> </b>69% of Indian parents say they have meals together as
against 88% in Italy and Sweden and 72% in South Korea. India alongside Russia
are the lowest in the world.</span></p></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="margin-bottom: 6.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6.75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.95pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(c) </span><b style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><u>Face to Face
Communication and Play Away from Digital Devices.</u> </b><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Digital has
changed play, it can lead to creative and imaginative worlds being enacted
online and it frequently includes communicating in this way with friends and
family. But both children and parents are recognizing the importance of face to
face communication and play away from digital devices, and the need to ensure
play is “entered into voluntarily and is lacking in external force or
compulsion”. This is essential for the well being of children and family life.</span></p></div></div></blockquote><p> </p><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="margin-bottom: 6.75pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 6.75pt; mso-line-height-alt: 13.95pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><u><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Link</span></u></b><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">. <a href="http://www.ikea.com/ms/fi_FI/media/pressroom/20161/IKEA_Play_Report_2015.pdf"><span style="color: #993322;">IKEA Play Report 2015</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="color: #404041; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">by Rupa Chauhan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.75pt;">
</p><p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></p></div></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
</div>
Toddlers Transformationhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16655972837748655206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6510867445340656468.post-89845489361760577432015-09-29T08:49:00.007-07:002020-12-02T23:20:24.373-08:00Nature and Nurture in Child Development<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Concept of Nature</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Both nature (genes) and
nurture (environmental factors) play a vital and important role in human
development. </span>Nature can be loosely defined as genetic inheritance or the
genetic makeup<span style="font-weight: normal;"> (the information encoded in your genes) which a person
inherits from both parents at the time of conception and carries throughout
life. Several things in an individual are genetically inherited, ranging from
gender, eye colour, risks for certain diseases and exceptional talents to
height. The concept of nature thus refers to biologically inherited tendencies
and abilities that people have and which may get revealed later on as they grow
up.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Dimension of Nuture</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">In contrast, </span><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;">nurture can be defined as the different environmental factors</span><span style="font-weight: normal;"> to
which a person is subjected from birth to death. Environmental factors
involve many dimensions. They include both physical environments (a good
example is prenatal nutrition) and social environments (such as the
neighbourhood, media and peer pressure.) Also, environmental factors have
different levels of impact on human development as they involve multiple layers
of action, ranging from most immediate (families, friends, and neighbourhoods)
to bigger societal contexts (school systems and local governments) as well as
macro factors such as politics on the international level or say global
warming. These layers are also impacted by other factors outside them. For
example, teenagers are exposed to not just peer pressure from their peers but
also to parental ideals, community standards or ethnic views.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Interplay
between Nature and Nuture</span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt; font-weight: normal;">It is important to acknowledge that nature
is inseparable from nurture and that both nature and nurture are sources of
human potential and growth as well as risk of dysfunction and problematic
behaviour. It would be easy to say that the starting points with which a child
is born can be positively moulded and shaped by the quality of the environment,
its emotional, social, physical and cognitive interaction with the child, and
the child’s interaction with it. However, some brains are more easily triggered
than others and may thus be more vulnerable to experiences they have. That is
why attachment and how parents/caregivers respond to the child play such an
essential part in building firm and positive foundations for the child’s
success in life. That is also why early experiences of family violence, abuse,
poverty or mental health are of such concern, and why early interventions
programmes are so important in promoting and supporting the best outcomes for
children where children’s starting points may not have been great. One answer
to providing more effectively for children could be a much more self-critical,
reflective and differentiated pedagogy developed through meaningful
observations, noticing and recognising what is important and significant to the
child and about the child, and responding in a supportive way. This kind of a
good match between individual child’s genes and the environmental context in
which they develop would mean a good early start. More importantly, where
hereditary vulnerabilities and complex behaviours are observed, it may at least
increase their chances of more positive pathways in life.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">By :- Rupa Chauhan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p></h3>
</div>
Toddlers Transformationhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16655972837748655206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6510867445340656468.post-17352049928185100552015-09-29T08:46:00.005-07:002020-12-02T23:47:48.567-08:00Mental Health and Disorders in Children<p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><b><u>Mental Health and Children </u></b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Children's Mental health is without a doubt the most important aspect of any child's social and cognitive development. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Children </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Children need to have a
good mental health status if they are going to live up to their full potential
and truly live a life that is filled with positive experiences and the
willingness to do what is best for themselves and the people around them. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> <b><u>Factors Impacting Child's Mental Health </u></b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;">There are a myriad of factors that can
impact a child's mental health status, both positively and negatively. </span><strong style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;">Providing
children</strong><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;">with an
environment that </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">demonstrates</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><strong style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">love</strong><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">,</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><strong style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">compassion</strong><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">,</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><strong style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">trust</strong><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">, and</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><strong style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">understanding </strong><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">will
greatly impact a child so that they can build on these stepping stones to have
a productive lifestyle. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Many children do not receive that type of lifestyle
though. Some children have to deal with a childhood that is filled with anger,
resentment, hatred, distrust, and constant negativity. They have a difficult
time coping with their emotions. These children will usually make excellent
candidates for</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><strong style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">mental
health programs</strong><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">. It is a difficult process for any person, let alone a
child, to overcome such adversity but being proactive and doing all that you
can for the child will at least help their mental health in some positive
fashion. </span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">Some children may also be born with mental health issues. These issues
are a product of nature rather than nurture so the child may have a more
difficult time dealing with his or her emotional state. Many children just
naturally feel depressed or have anxiety issues. When these issues are not
dealt with in the proper fashion, the children tend to have lower self-esteem
and they struggle in the educational environment.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Children with mental health issues will
have a difficult time adjusting to different situations.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="color: #333333;"> </span></span></span><strong><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="color: #333333; font-weight: normal;">Studies have shown that these
children, if</span></span><span style="color: #333333;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif"> </span></span></strong><strong><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="color: #333333; font-weight: normal;">left
untreated by a mental health professional, will likely to grow up and repeat
these same behaviours with their children</span></span></strong><span face="Arial, sans-serif">.
These children tend to have a lower self-worth, negative feelings, perform
poorly in school, and later become involved in unhealthy lifestyle decisions.
However, when these children are properly treated they can learn how to live a
more promising life. They can overcome many of the issues that affect them
without their consent. These children can live happy and productive lives that
are filled with love, harmony, and a great mental health status.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;"><b>During a child's developmental years, they are constantly growing and
changing. It is imperative to note that one must keep this in mind when
diagnosing and treating emotional and behavioural disorders in children.</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;"><b><u>Mental Dirsorder in Children</u></b><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">If a problem is not temporary or short-lived, then
should parents seek out a trained and qualified professional to help their
children. Health professionals once thought that brain disorders such as bipolar
disorder, anxiety disorders, or even depression occurred after childhood but
now, it is widely held that these brain disorders can begin in early childhood.
According to the</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif"> </span></span><strong style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">National Institute of Mental Health</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif"> </span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">(NIMH),
emotional and behavioural disorders affect 10-15 percent of children globally.
One of particular childhood-onset mental disorder that is widely studied,
treated, and diagnosed is</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif"> </span></span><strong style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">ADHD</span></strong><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">, attention deficit/hyperactivity
disorder, and the</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif"> </span></span><a href="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/index.shtml" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;" title="NIMH"><b><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1d1b11;">NIMH</span></span></b></a><span class="apple-converted-space" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif"> </span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">cites
that 3-5 percent of children globally suffer from this disorder.</span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;"><b><u>Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)</u></b><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">This disorder is one of the most common mental
disorders among children, and two to three more boys than girls are affected.
Many children are unable to sit still, finish tasks, plan ahead, or even be
aware what is going on around them. Some days</span><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">,<span class="apple-converted-space"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif""><span style="color: #1d1b11;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #333333;"><a href="http://www.kidsmentalhealth.org/children-with-adhd/" title="Children with ADHD"><span style="color: #1d1b11;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="text-decoration-line: none;">children with ADHD</span></span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Arial, sans-serif"> </span></span>seem
fine and the next could be a whirlwind of frenzied and disorganized activity.<span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Arial, sans-serif"> </span></span><span face="Arial, sans-serif">ADHD</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Arial, sans-serif"> </span></span>can
continue on into adolescence and even adulthood, however, within the past
decade scientists have learned more about it and how to treat it. From
medications, to therapy, and varying educational options, children with<span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Arial, sans-serif"> </span></span><span face="Arial, sans-serif">ADHD</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face="Arial, sans-serif"> </span></span>can
learn to function in new ways.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;"><b><u>Autism</u></b><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.kidsmentalhealth.org/children-with-autism/" title="Children with Autism"><span style="color: #1d1b11;">Children with autism</span></a></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif""><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">appear to be remote, indifferent,
isolated in their own world, and are unable to form emotional connections with
other people. Autism is a found in every region of the country, it is more
common in boys than girls, and affects about 1 or 2 people in every thousand.
This brain disorder can manifest itself in mental retardation, language delays,
and other children are very high-functioning with intelligence and speech
intact because their brains do not function in the same way other children's
do. Consistency is the key when dealing with an autistic child.</span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;"><b><u>Bi-polar Disorder</u></b></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"> Bi-polar disorder generally begins during early
childhood and continues into adulthood. It is characterized by intense mood
swings. For example, a child may have excessive</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif"> </span></span><em style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">"high"</span></em><span class="apple-converted-space" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif"> </span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;">or
euphoric feelings, then suddenly, sadness depression. This is thought to be a
genetic illness and diagnosis for children under 12 is generally not common and
is often misdiagnosed as</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif"> </span></span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;">ADHD</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt; text-align: justify;">.</span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><u>Anxiety</u></b></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif""><b><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">Anxiety disorders</span></u></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">often
cause children to feel distressed, uneasy, even frightened for </span>no
apparent reason. Some common anxiety disorders are panic disorders
characterized by episodes of intense fear that occur without warning or
provocation. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, which are compulsive, repeated behaviours
or thoughts that seem like they are impossible to stop.</span></p>
<span face="Arial, sans-serif"></span><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><b><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">Management of Mental Health and Disorder in Children<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Mental health is important to overall health. Mental disorders are
chronic health conditions that can continue through the lifespan. Without early
diagnosis and treatment, children with mental disorders can have problems at
home, in school, and in forming friendships. This can also interfere with their
healthy development, and these problems can continue into adulthood.</span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Childhood mental disorders can be treated and managed. There are many
evidence-based treatment options, so parents and doctors should work closely
with everyone involved in the child's treatment — teachers, coaches,
therapists, and other family members. Taking advantage of all the resources
available will help parents, health professionals and educators guide the child
towards success. Early diagnosis and appropriate services for children and
their families can make a difference in the lives of children with mental disorders.</span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><b><u><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;">Conclusion</span><o:p></o:p></u></b></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Mental health — an essential part of children's overall
health — has a complex interactive relationship with their physical health
and their ability to succeed in school, at work and in society. Both physical
and mental health affect how we think, feel and act on the inside and
outside. </span></p><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">All children and youth have the right to happy and healthy lives and
deserve access to effective care to prevent or treat any mental health problems
that they may develop.</span></p><span lang="EN-IN" style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span>Toddlers Transformationhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16655972837748655206noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6510867445340656468.post-40431286193157286052015-09-29T08:43:00.004-07:002020-12-02T23:49:30.586-08:00Psychosocial Development in Infancy and Early Childhood<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">It takes a
lot of patience combined with good judgment and warm, nurturing relationships
to raise emotionally healthy children. But no matter what we do, children are
going to feel sad, afraid, anxious, and angry from time to time. Challenge is
to learn how to help children cope with their feelings and express them in
socially acceptable ways that don’t harm others and are appropriate to the
child’s age and abilities.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><b><u><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">What is Psychosocial Development?</span></u></b></h3><div class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Childhood
psychosocial development is a multistep process in which children learns to
trust others, communicate their needs and develop distinct identities. Renowned
psychologist Erik Erikson (1902-1904) developed an eight-stage model of human
development that is widely accepted among educators and mental health
professionals. Five of Erikson’s stages of development take place during
childhood. Under Erikson’s model, if the child does not progress through one
stage successfully, she will have difficulty with the next phase.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Erikson’s
theory of psychosocial development is one of the best-known theories of
personality. Similar to Freud, Erikson believed that personality develops in a
series of stages. Unlike Freud’s theory to psychosexual stages, Erikson’s
theory describe the impact of social experience across the whole lifespan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">One of the
main elements of Erikson’s psychosocial stage theory is the development of </span><b style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">ego identity</b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">. Ego identity is the
conscious sense of self that we develop through social interaction. According
to Erikson, our ego identity is constantly changing due to new experience and
information we acquire in our daily interactions with others. In addition to
ego identity, Erikson also believed that a sense of competence also motivates behaviors’
and actions. Each stage in Erikson’s theory is concerned with becoming
competent in an area of life. If the stage is handled well, the person will
feel a sense of mastery. If the stage is managed poorly, the person will emerge
with a sense of inadequacy.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In each stage, Erikson’s believed
people experience a <b>conflict </b>that
service as a turning point in development. In Erikson’s view, these conflicts
are centered on either developing a psychosocial quality or failing to develop
that quality. During these times, the potential for personal growth is high,
but so is the potential for failure.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Psychosocial Stage 1 – Trust vs. Mistrust<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -24px;">The first stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development occurs between birth and one year of age and is the most fundamental stage in life.</span></div></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -24px;"><br /></span></div></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -24px;">Because an infant is utterly dependent, the development of trust is based on the dependability and quality of the child’s caregivers.</span></div></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></div></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; text-indent: -0.25in;">If a child successfully develops trust, he or she will feel safe and secure in the world.</span></div></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">Caregivers who are inconsistent, emotionally unavailable, or rejecting contribute to feelings of mistrust in the children they care for. Failure to develop trust will result in fear and a belief that the world is inconsistent and unpredictable.</span></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div><b style="font-family: arial; text-indent: -24px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">During the trust vs. Mistrust stage, an infant learns whether he can trust a caregiver to meet his needs. If you are present for your child and respond to his need for security, safety and nutrition, then he will likely develop a trusting relationship</span></b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">.</span></div></div></blockquote><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -0.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div></div></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;"><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></div></div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Psychosocial Stage 2 – Autonomy vs
Shame and Doubt</span></u></b></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><u><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></u></b></div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -24px;">The second stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development lasts from ages 1 to 3 years. This stage is focused on children developing a greater sense of personal control.</span></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div style="text-align: left;"><div><br /></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; text-indent: -24px;">The control of one’s body functions leads to a feeling of control and a sense of independence and toilet training is a vital part of this process. Other important events include gaining more control over food choices, toy preferences, and clothing selection</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px; text-indent: -24px;">.</span></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -24px;">Children who successfully complete this stage feel secure and confident, while those who do not are left with a sense of inadequacy and self-doubt.</span></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div style="text-align: left;"><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b style="font-family: arial; text-indent: -24px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">During the Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt stage your child begins to separate from you and begins to assert some autonomy by learning to walk, make simple choices and interact with the world on his own. If you give your child room to grow and are not overly critical, he will develop a healthy sense of autonomy and self-esteem.</span></b></div></div></div></blockquote><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><u style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b><br /></b></span></u></div><h3><u style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Psychological Stage – 3 Initiative
vs Guilt</b></span></u></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><u style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b><br /></b></span></u></div></div>
</div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">During the preschool years(lasts from 3 to 6
years), children begin to assert their power and control over the world though
directing play and other social interactions.</span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">Children who are successful at this stage feel
capable and able to lead others. Those who fail to acquire these skills are
left with a sense of guilt, self-doubt, and lack of initiative.</span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">During the Initiative vs Guilt Stage, children
begin to show initiatives by engaging in creative play and further assert their
independence from their parents. If a parent stifles their child’s
decision-making skills and creativity during this period, the child might
develop feelings of guilt and have an inhibited sense of autonomy according to
Erikson’s theories. However, by encouraging your child to think creatively and
independently, she can develop a strong sense of personal initiative</span></b><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">.</span></div></div></blockquote><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;"><b><u><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Psychological Stage – 4 Industry
vs. Inferiority</span></u></b></h3><div><b><u><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></u></b></div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">This stage covers the early school years from approximately age 5 to 11 or onset of puberty.</span></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div><div><br /></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 16px; text-indent: -24px;">Through social interactions, children begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishment and abilities.</span></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></div></div></div><div style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 13.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b style="text-indent: -24px;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">During the Industry vs Inferiority Stage, children who are encouraged and commended by parents and teachers develop a feeling of competence and belief in their skills. Whereas children who receive little or no encouragement from parent, teachers, or peers will doubt their ability to be successful.</span></b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span></div></div></div></blockquote><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·</span></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MediumShading2-Accent11" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
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<td style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-bottom: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 2.25pt solid windowtext; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.9pt;" valign="top" width="109"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-themecolor: background1;">Stage<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-bottom: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 2.25pt solid windowtext; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-themecolor: background1;">Basis Conflict<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-bottom: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 2.25pt solid windowtext; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-themecolor: background1;">Important<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border-bottom: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: 2.25pt solid windowtext; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.95in;" valign="top" width="283"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-themecolor: background1;">Outcome<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<td style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.9pt;" width="109"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-themecolor: background1;">Infancy
(birth to 18 months)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background: rgb(216, 216, 216); border: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" width="114"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Trust vs. Mistrust<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(216, 216, 216); border: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" width="132"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Feeding<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(216, 216, 216); border: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.95in;" valign="top" width="283"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Children develop a sense
of trust when caregivers provide reliability, care and affection. A lack of
this will lead to mistrust.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<td style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.9pt;" width="109"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-themecolor: background1;">Early
Childhood (2 to 3 years)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" width="114"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Autonomy vs.
Shame and Doubt<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" width="132"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Toilet
Training<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.95in;" valign="top" width="283"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Children need to develop a
sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. Success
leads to feelings of autonomy, failure results in feelings of shame and
doubt.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<td style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.9pt;" width="109"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-themecolor: background1;">Preschool
(3 to 5 years)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(216, 216, 216); border: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" width="114"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Initiative vs. Guilt<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(216, 216, 216); border: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" width="132"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Exploration<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(216, 216, 216); border: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.95in;" valign="top" width="283"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Children need to begin
asserting control and power over the environment. Success in this stage leads
to a sense of purpose. Children who try to exert too much power experience
disapproval, resulting in a sense of guilt.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<td style="background: rgb(79, 129, 189); border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.9pt;" width="109"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-themecolor: background1;">School
Age (6 to 11 years)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.5pt;" width="114"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Industry vs.
Inferiority<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" width="132"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">School<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.95in;" valign="top" width="283"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Children need to cope with
new social and academic demands. Success leads to a sense of competence,
while failure results in feelings of inferiority.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="border: none; mso-cell-special: placeholder; padding: 0in;" width="529"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;"><u><span style="font-family: arial; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Take </span><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;">Always</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> For Parents’ </span></span></u></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><u><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Encouraging Independence</span></u></b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Encouraging independence in
toddlers, while maintaining limits necessary to safety and positive behavior,
is a difficult task to balance. Toddlers need <b>choices in order to feel confident and independent, but these choices
should be limited</b>. Instead of asking what your toddler wants for lunch; ask
where he would like to have his lunch. Instead of asking if he’d like to get
dressed, ask him which shirt he’s like to wear. This limited questioning, where
the choice is not open to a negative response such as “No, I don’t want to get
dressed,” <b>prevents confrontation and
power struggles</b>. Providing the opportunity for choice makes a toddler
expect to choose for himself, which helps him develop autonomy. However, <b>parents must also say NO occasionally</b>.
Toddlers need independence, but they must also learn that sometimes they can’t
have what they want, and they must manage this disappointment.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Choices and Limits</span></u></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> We must remember
that this <b>drive toward independence and
self-assertion</b> is an important stage of emotional development of the Child.
By allowing children to make their own choices and decisions and be responsible
for their own outcomes, we are <b>setting
the framework for strong, emotionally healthy lives</b>. Learning how to cope
with disappointments and delays is also a critical part of the development of a
healthy, balanced Child.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Benchmarks of Emotional Health On Daily Basis</span></u></b></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></u></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Firstly, is the child able to
separate from her family without undue stress and form an attachment with at
least one other adult at school?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Secondly, is the child learning to
conform to routines at school without undue fuss?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Thirdly, is the child able to
involve herself deeply in play? Play is not only the work of children, it’s the
greatest health promoter and vehicle for learning that’s available to them.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Fourthly, can the child settle down
and concentrate? Being able to focus attention on something that interests a
youngster is an indicator that he is capable of learning.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Finally, does the child have access
to the full range of her feelings and is she learning to deal with them in an
age-appropriate way? This is one of the most important indicators of emotional
health because then the child is aware of all her feelings and can express them
without harming herself or others.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> When children seem to have emotional
difficulties, we need to remember we don’t have to solve every emotional
problem by ourselves. We need to talk to family, colleagues or to professional
counselors.</span><br />
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span>
<span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">By :- Rupa Chauhan </span></span></div>
Toddlers Transformationhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16655972837748655206noreply@blogger.com0